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医务人员西班牙语选读：改变现状 医务人员西班牙语选读：术前评估 针灸西班牙语选读：药剂吸收 医务人员西班牙语选读：拐杖引走 医务人员西班牙语选读：ICU指南 医务人员西班牙语选读：；也法 医务人员西班牙语选读：楔饲给药法 医务人员西班牙语选读：朝天服给药 的国际护士协会护士规章制度准则 针灸西班牙语选读：非传统性遗传学 针灸西班牙语选读：康复针灸 针灸西班牙语选读：多蛋白质遗传学 针灸西班牙语选读：手术期近的管理 针灸西班牙语选读：查房立即 针灸西班牙语选读：心脏病史 针灸西班牙语选读：医疗历史纪录回顾 针灸西班牙语选读：病史 药品简介：异烟肼 针灸西班牙语选读：解剖臀部 针灸西班牙语选读：药剂吸收Resuscitation 改变现状 Assessment 评估 Assess the client's unresponsiveness by shaking the client and shouting, "Are you OK?" 摇病患或呼叫病患，评估病患加成程度。 Implementation 实施 1. Activate the emergency medical services according to hospital policy and procedure 根据医院规定和操作机制驱动急诊治疗。 2. Observe for chest movement; listen and feel for breaths. 推论胸部所谓运动，听、感觉病患换气。 3. If client is breathing and no trauma is present, place client in the recovery position. 如病患有换气、无手部，将病患置于恢复位。 4. If no respirations are detected, call for assistance. 如无换气，寻求协助。 5. Place victim on hard surface, such as floor or ground, or use the backboard found on the resuscitation cart or the headboard of the hospital bed. If the client must be moved to the supine position, use the log-rolling technique to maintain spinal integrity. 将患者置于硬面上，如墙壁或地面，或采用救护队上的底板或病床床头板。如需将病患移至仰卧位，可采用滚木手法以保持良好腰椎完整。 6. Correctly position for resuscitative efforts. 蓬勃发展时适当： A. One-person rescue: face client while kneeling parallel to the client's sternum. 单人救护队：为中心病患，跪膝与病患胸骨分岔。 B. Two-person rescue: one person faces client while kneeling parallel to the client's head. Second person is on the opposite side parallel to the client's sternum. 双人救护队：时则为中心病患，跪膝与病患头部分岔；时则于病患另下方，与病患胸骨分岔。 7. Open the airway. 打开胸腔 A. If no head or neck trauma is suspected, use the head-tilt, chin-lift method. 如钉世颈手部，可采用侧头、抬头举颏法。 B. If head or neck trauma is suspected, use the jaw-thrust maneuver only. Grasp angles of client's lower jaw and lift with both hands, displacing the mandible forward. 如疑有头或颈部手部，情况下采用双手托颌法。双手赶走病患前额尖，张开，按住前额后仰。 8. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respirations: 朝天对朝天人工换气 A. Adult: a. Pinch client's nose with thumb and index finger and occlude mouth with rescuer's mouth or use CPR pocket mask. Attempt two slow breaths, 1 1/2 to 2 sec per breath. 用手掌和指头捏住病患脸颊，抢救者张朝天封住病患朝天唇，也可使用CPR袖珍墨镜。先引两次迟换气，每换气1.2至2秒。 b. The rescuer should take a breath after each ventilation. 每次人工换气后抢救者都应吸一朝天气。 c. Allow the client to exhale between breaths. 两次换气近应允许病患吸管。 d. Continue with 12 breaths per minute. 最后人工换气，每分钟12次。 B. Child （1 to 8 years of age）: 学童（1-8岁） a. Pinch the victim's nose tightly with thumb and forefinger. Place rescuer's mouth or CPR pocket mask over client's mouth, forming an airtight seal. Give two slow breaths, 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 用手指和指头捏紧患者脸颊。抢救者用朝天或CPR袖珍墨镜封住病患朝天唇，形成一个密封胸腔。先引两次迟换气，每次1-1,5秒钟。 b. Pause after the first breath to take a breath. 每一次换气后稍停，吸气。 c. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 最后人工换气，每分钟20次。 C. Infant: 男婴 a. Place the rescuer's mouth over the infant's nose and mouth, forming an airtight seal. 抢救者朝天封住甲状腺肿楔、朝天，形成一密封胸腔。 b. Give two breaths slowly at 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 引两次迟换气，每换气1-1.5秒。 9. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 最后换气，每分钟20次。 10. Ambu bag artificial respirations: 心肺袋人式换气 All ages: 所有年龄 A. Connect oxygen supply tubing to Ambu bag and oxygen flowmeter. Adjust oxygen to 100% FiO2 or ordered rate. 将供氧管与心肺袋和流量计连通，将氢气闭环至100%吸氧沸点分数或规定速度。 B. Insert oropharyngeal airway. 插入朝天咽导腹腔。 C. Position the face mask of the Ambu bag over the client's mouth and nose. 将心肺袋墨镜置于甲状腺肿朝天、楔。 D. Give slow breaths by squeezing the bag. 捏挤心肺袋引迟换气。 E. Allow time for client to exhale. 腾出病患吸管时近。 11. If ventilation attempt is unsuccessful, reposition the client's head and reattempt rescue breathing again. If ventilation attempt remains unsuccessful, the airway may be obstructed by a foreign body that will need to be removed. 如人工勇气败北，重新放置病患头部，最后开始抢救换气。如最后败北，胸腔也许有异物堵塞，需要转换成异物。 12. Suction secretions as needed or turn client's head to the side if no trauma is suspected. 必需时吸痰或将病患头侧向下方（如无损伤）。 13. Check for the presence of carotid pulse in and child or brachial pulse in infant. Feel for 3 to 5 sec. 核对脉搏：及学童测颈动脉，男婴测臂动脉。3-5秒。 14. If no pulse, initiate chest compressions. 如无脉搏，引胸外拇指法。 A. Adult: Place heel of hands, one atop the other, on lower third of the sternum. Lock elbows and maintain shoulders in line with sternum. ：两手相叠，手掌摆在第三胸骨两处。双肘关节伸直双肩与胸骨对齐。 B. Child: Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum. 学童：将一手掌根摆在下1/2胸骨两处。 C. Infant: Place two or three fingers on the lower half of the sternum just below the level of the infant's nipples. 男婴：将2-3根手指摆在下1/2胸骨两处，男婴下方。 15. Compress chest downward to proper depth and then release. Maintain constant contact with skin. 向下拇指胸部至适当深度，放松。始终保持良好与皮肤碰触。 A. Adult: 1 1/2 to 2 inches （ 4 to 5 cm） ：拇指时崩落1.5至2吋（4-5 cm） B. Child:1 to 1 1/2 inches （2.5 to 4 cm） 学童：拇指时崩落1至1.5吋（2.5-4 cm） C. Infant:1/2 to 1 inch （1 to 2.5 cm） 男婴：拇指时崩落0.5-1吋（1-2.5 cm） 16. Maintain correct ratio proportionate to number of rescuers: 按抢救多人保持良好适当速度。 One rescuer: 15 compressions, 2 breaths 单人：2次换气拇指15下 Two rescuers: 5 compressions, 1 breath 双人：1次换气拇指5下 A. Adult: minimum of 80 to 100 compressions per min ：最少80-100次/分 B. Child: minimum of 100 compressions per min 学童：最少100次/分 C. Infant: minimum of 100 compressions per min 男婴：最少100次/分 17. Continue artificial respiration. 最后人工换气 18. Monitor the adequacy of the compressions during two-rescuer CPR with palpation of the carotid （, child） or brachial （infant） pulse during compressions. 双人胸外拇指时扪摸颈动脉（或学童）或臂动脉（男婴）追踪拇指是否适当。 19. Continue CPR until the rescuer is relieved, client regains cardiopulmonary function independently, or physician directs that CPR be discontinued. 最后引CPR，直到有人换成，或病患恢复自力心肺功能，或医生指示中止CPR。 20. Use Completion Protocol. 采用标准完成机制。 Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions 确认意外结果与照护政策。 Record and Report 历史纪录与报告 1. Onset of arrest. 停搏时近 2. Location. 臀部 3. Actions taken. 采取的引动 4. 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